1. Understanding Formulas and Functions
- Formulas:
Equations you create manually (always start with =).
Example: =A1+B1 adds values in cell A1 and B1. - Functions:
Predefined formulas in Excel (save time).
Example: =SUM(A1:A5) adds values in A1 through A5.
2. Common Functions
a)
SUM
- Adds numbers together.
- Example:
=SUM(A1:A5) → adds values from A1 to A5.
b)
AVERAGE
- Finds the mean (average) of numbers.
- Example:
=AVERAGE(B1:B10) → gives the average of numbers in B1 through B10.
c)
COUNT
- Counts how many cells have numbers (ignores
text).
- Example:
=COUNT(C1:C20) → counts numeric values in that range.
d)
IF
- Tests a condition and returns one value if TRUE,
another if FALSE.
- Syntax:
=IF(condition, value_if_true, value_if_false) - Example:
=IF(D1>=50, "Pass", "Fail")
→ If D1 is 50 or more, Excel shows Pass; otherwise, Fail.
3. Practice Example
Imagine this table in Excel:
|
Name |
Score |
|
John |
75 |
|
Mary |
40 |
|
Peter |
90 |
- Total Score:
=SUM(B2:B4)
→ 205
- Average Score:
=AVERAGE(B2:B4)
→ 68.33
- Number of Scores Entered: =COUNT(B2:B4) → 3
- Pass/Fail (for John): =IF(B2>=50, "Pass", "Fail") → Pass
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